{"id":12234,"date":"2025-11-11T15:19:52","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T13:19:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dogsolutions.co.za\/biokinetic-k9\/course\/stable-equipment-vs-wobbly-or-inflatable-equipment-3\/"},"modified":"2025-11-11T15:19:52","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T13:19:52","slug":"stable-equipment-vs-wobbly-or-inflatable-equipment-3","status":"publish","type":"tva_lesson","link":"https:\/\/dogsolutions.co.za\/biokinetic-k9\/course\/stable-equipment-vs-wobbly-or-inflatable-equipment-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Stable Equipment vs Wobbly or Inflatable Equipment"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Importance of Equipment Choice<\/h3>\n

Your equipment choice plays a huge part in your dog\u2019s strength training and strength gains.<\/p>\n

Using the correct equipment will help you confidently target specific muscles and body areas that you want to work, and we know that the key to conditioning and strength training is in its specificity whether that is to a targeted area on the body or targeted to a sport you are training in. You will notice that in this program, we concentrate on using stable platforms.<\/p>\n

There is sometimes a misconception that inflatables or unstable equipment are the top way to go when it comes to canine conditioning. It is an understandable misconception though because we see dogs on inflatables all over social media.<\/p>\n

What we don\u2019t see in these social media posts is WHY the dog is performing the exercise or the reason behind using that piece of equipment – and both these questions are particularly important.<\/p>\n

What is Unstable Equipment?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

<\/strong>Unstable equipment includes wobble boards, inflatable equipment such as FitBones, Peanuts, Bozu balls, Propel platforms – anything that is “wobbly” or “moves” when standing on it.<\/p>\n

My favourite unstable surface is an Exercise Foam Pad. It is versatile and offers a super “instability” that is also “secure”.<\/p>\n

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Image: Shutterstock.com 542705170<\/p>\n

A small summary of how Muscles work when they are moving?<\/h3>\n

One muscle group will contract while another muscle group will extend or elongate to help us control the rate of movement around the joint (the elbow in the example below).  We call the muscles involved \u201cAntagonistic Pairs\u201d. <\/p>\n

The main muscle in the action, the agonist, contracts while the opposing muscle, the antagonist, will extend or elongate to help control the movement and position of the joint.<\/p>\n

An easy way to remember which muscle is the Agonist: The muscle that is in “agony” is the one contracting and doing all the work.<\/p>\n

This type of movement happens when we flex our arms and contract our biceps.  Also consider when we straighten our leg to step forward or kick a ball. Our quads will contract to bring our shin and foot forward (quads are the agonists) while our hamstrings need to elongate and extend (hamstrings are the antagonists) to allow rotation around the knee.<\/p>\n

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What happens when we flex our arms to show off our biceps<\/p>\n

These muscles work together, contracting and extending with varying force, helping the body or limbs move around the joint with varying speed (slowly or quickly) and force (power) depending on how much the working muscle contracts or how much control is needed in the movement.<\/p>\n

The same situation happens with our dogs when using their body and legs.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

What do the studies tell us about exercising on stable and unstable equipment?<\/h3>\n

Studies using EMG (electromyography) machines to measure muscle activation and muscle force have been used to study and measure muscle activity when performing exercises on both stable and unstable equipment. Many studies have been performed on human athletes and non-athletes alike.<\/p>\n

The results of these studies confirmed that many more muscles get activated when one is standing on an unstable surface<\/strong> compared to stable surfaces. This makes sense because when using an unstable surface, more muscles are required to stabilize the trunk and maintain balance.<\/p>\n

If you think about it, it makes perfect sense.  When standing on a wobble board, you will notice that many of the muscles in your body will start working. Their goal would be to stabilize you and prevent you from falling.  <\/p>\n

The muscles at work would be all the muscles in your core, your pelvis will become tighter, your knees, ankles and hips will brace and your arms may go out stiffly to try and maintain your balance.  This activity of trying to maintain balance will be a huge increase in muscle activation.<\/p>\n

However, increased muscle activation doesn\u2019t necessarily mean a better result in strength gains<\/strong>. Muscle activation and muscle force output are not the same thing.<\/p>\n

Brief Summaries of their findings:<\/h4>\n
    \n
  1. Zemkova et al. (2012) and Chulvi-Medrano (2010) studied weightlifting on stable and unstable surfaces. They measured muscle power output and force production and found that performance was significantly reduced when performed on unstable surfaces.<\/li>\n
  2. Behm et al. (2015), using several sets of data, found no significant benefits to muscle strength, power output and balance performance when training using unstable equipment compared to training on stable surfaces. <\/li>\n
  3. Anderson et al. (2014) studied muscle activation in humans whilst performing squats on a stable and unstable surface. Unstable surface squats resulted in a 10% decrease in agonist (main muscle) muscle activation, but they concluded that it may<\/strong> have some use for core activation* (although no significant difference was found). <\/li>\n
  4. Reed et al. (2012) found that increasing core strength through instability training did not directly improve athletic performance in humans.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    What is the reason behind these findings?<\/h3>\n

    When we add instability to these working pairs of muscles, both the agonists (the main muscle doing the work) and antagonists (the muscle that is extending due to less contraction) will contract at the same time<\/strong> (along with the surrounding muscles) creating a bracing effect to protect and stabilize the joints.<\/p>\n

    Because of this \u201cbracing\u201d effect, the main contracting muscle (the agonist) will produce less force as all the muscles in the area are contracting at the same time.<\/p>\n

    This means that the main contracting muscle in an action may produce up to 45% – 70% LESS force and power than what it is capable of<\/strong> when working on an unstable surface. However, working on unstable surfaces will increase core activation (not power).<\/p>\n

    Exercises performed on unstable surfaces may make an exercise more difficult, but NOT increase the muscle overload <\/strong>of large, dynamic muscle groups sufficiently for improved gains in strength and power needed in sports.<\/p>\n

    To achieve an increase in power and strength, we get much better results when performing exercises on stable surfaces where the body is less focused on bracing itself to maintain balance and can focus more on producing maximum force output on muscles that are targeted to work.<\/p>\n

    For dedicated strength training, unstable equipment has its shortcomings, and their exclusive use will produce a decline in strength that is required in most dog sports, in particular those requiring power such as IGP.<\/p>\n

    \"\"\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

    Facebook Meme – truer than you know!<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    What does this tell us about working exclusively on Unstable Equipment?<\/h3>\n

    For humans, you would most certainly need to decrease the weight load used when squatting or even get rid of the weight all together if the platform is very unstable.<\/p>\n

    We notice that a “bracing” activity happens throughout the body, especially around the joints and spine.<\/p>\n

    Working on unstable equipment:<\/h4>\n
      \n
    • Has the primary function of challenging some<\/em> of the balancing systems in the body by engaging the core and stabilizer muscles to help keep joints in place.<\/li>\n
    • Is useful in educating neuromuscular activity which is so important for puppies for improving their proprioceptive communication throughout their bodies.<\/li>\n
    • Is also useful in RE-educating neuromuscular activity, especially after surgeries or injuries during rehab or for older dogs who are starting to lose their lean muscle tissue and are a little less active in the day, therefore becoming a little more unstable on their legs.<\/li>\n
    • Unfortunately, does not improve the strength or powerful action of large muscle groups and too much work on unstable equipment may even lead to DECREASES in strength gains<\/strong>, particularly when working towards strength in dynamic exercises such as running, jumping or decelerating at speed.<\/li>\n
    • Has a bracing and stabilizing effect on joints to help keep balance which impedes the full range of motion through the joints.  It is therefore more difficult to work on dynamic flexibility on unstable surfaces. Dynamic flexibility exercises should have a much better result when working on a stable surface.<\/li>\n
    • Can lead to artificial stability which is stability skills gained applicable to working on that equipment surface.  It does not necessarily translate to performance gains in your dog\u2019s sport. That time would be better spent doing more sport-specific activities involving balance through movement, which is a separate skill and program involving dynamic and reactive balance which involves both stable and unstable surfaces, but very little to no dedicated strength training.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      For these reasons, working on unstable equipment remains an important tool for rehabilitation and\/or physio veterinary professionals and should be used with the proper safety guidelines when working with puppies who are being introduced to the foundations and skills of their sport and who should not be doing dedicated strength training yet.<\/p>\n

      Senior dogs may benefit from working on both stable and unstable surfaces.<\/p>\n

      For healthy, sporting dogs, stable platforms provide the best results for strength and power gains for dynamic movement. <\/p>\n

      Training on stable and unstable equipment both have their own purpose and outcomes, and one should not be ignored over the other.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      K9 Sport and Strength Goals<\/h3>\n

      Balance and Strength training each has their own purpose and goals in sport and should be distinguished from one another.<\/h5>\n

      After going through the various literature, it appears that exercises performed on unstable surfaces alone are not so beneficial for elite athletes and may even be detrimental to performance as they may cause a decrease in strength.<\/p>\n

      Having said that, let\u2019s look at what dynamic exercises performed on stable surfaces achieve:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Activates, strengthens, and increases the power of primarily the large muscle groups responsible for powerful movements and actions such as jumping, running etc<\/li>\n
      • We can more accurately manage, determine and increase the necessary load to these large muscle groups to increase their power and strength. This makes stable platforms a necessary and integral part of any K9 athlete\u2019s conditioning and strength journey.<\/li>\n
      • While it may challenge body awareness and proprioception to a slightly lesser degree than unstable equipment, we are able to manipulate our dog’s body for improved exercise form, and posture in execution to improve body awareness and neuromuscular activity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        As most healthy K9 athletes already have particularly good proprioception, we can improve their muscle strength, body awareness, reflex efficiency, and core stability and this will add to their overall performance in a positive manner. <\/p>\n

        \n

        A NOTE ON PROGRESSIONS:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

        When we provide progressions onto unstable equipment in our exercises, it is only advised once the strength in the muscles has already been established through the foundation work on stable platforms.  <\/p>\n

        Exercises performed on unstable equipment are more difficult, but do not necessarily require more nor build more strength if they have already mastered exercises on stable equipment. However, dogs do need to be strong first to perform the exercises safely and correctly with the same form, posture and technique they developed on the stable platforms.<\/p>\n

        When choosing equipment and exercises, we always ask the following questions<\/strong><\/em>:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Is it safe for my dog to do?<\/li>\n
        2. Does it promote targeted exercise?<\/li>\n
        3. Is it functional for my dog’s daily living?<\/li>\n
        4. Will this promote my sporting or fitness goals?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Each of the exercises in this program is answered in the affirmative to each of those questions.<\/p>\n

          Enjoy your training journey!<\/p>\n

          Research Articles: <\/p>\n

          Andersen, V., Finland, F.M., Brennset, O., Haslestad, L.R., Lundteigen, M.S., Skalleberg, K., & Saeterbakken, A.H. \u201cMuscle activation and strength in squat and Bulgarian squat on stable and unstable surface.\u201d International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2014; 35(14): 1196-202.Behm, DG, Leonard, AM, Young, WB, Bonsey, WA, and MacKinnon, SN. \u201cTrunk muscle electromyographic activity with unstable and unilateral exercises.\u201d Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2005; 19: 193-201Behm, D and Colado, JC. \u201cThe effectiveness of resistance training using unstable surfaces and devices for rehabilitation.\u201d International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 2012; 7(2); 226-41.Behm, DG, Muehlbauer, T, Kibele, A, and Granacher, U. \u201cEffects of strength training using unstable surfaces on strength, power and balance performance across the lifespan: A systematic review and meta-analysis.\u201d Sports Medicine. 2015; 45(12): 1645-1669.Emre Ak Mutlu Cu\u011f, Recep Ali \u00d6zdemir, Feza Korkusuz, David G Behm. The effect of instability training on knee joint proprioception and core strength. Journal of sports science & medicine 11 (3), 468, 2012Chulvi-Medrano, I, Garc\u00eda-Mass\u00f3, X, Colado, JC, Pablos, C, de Moraes, JA, and Fuster, MA. \u201cDeadlift muscle force and activation under stable and unstable conditions.\u201d Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2010; 24(1): 2723-30.Cressey, E.M., West, C.A., Tiberio, D.P., Kraemer, W.J., & Maresh, C.M. \u201cThe effects of ten weeks of lower-body unstable surface training on markers of athletic performance.\u201d Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2007; 21(2): 561-7. Kohler, J. M., Flanagan, S.P., & Whiting, W.C. \u201cMuscle activation patterns while lifting stable and unstable loads on stable and unstable surfaces.\u201d The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2010; 24(2): 313-21. Reed, C.A., Ford, K.R., Myer, G.D., & Hewett, T.E. \u201cThe Effects of Isolated and Integrated \u2018Core Stability\u2019 Training on Athletic Performance Measures: A systematic review.\u201d Sports Medicine. 2012; 42(8): 697-706.Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott M. Motor Control : Translating Research Into Clinical Practice. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins (2007).Smith, R. (2006). Movement in the Sand: Training Implications Beach Volleyball. Strength and Cond Journal, 28(5): 19-21.Michael J Wahl, David G Behm. Not all instability training devices enhance muscle activation in highly resistance-trained individuals. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 22 (4), 1360-1370, 2008Zemkov\u00e1, E., Jele\u0148, M., Kov\u00e1\u010dikov\u00e1, Z., Oll\u00e9, G., Vilman, T., & Hamar, D. \u201cPower Outputs in the Concentric Phase of Resistance Exercises Performed in the Interval Mode on Stable and Unstable Surfaces.\u201d Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2012; 26(12): 3230-6.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-12234","tva_lesson","type-tva_lesson","status-publish","hentry","tva_courses-power-and-precision","post-wrapper","thrv_wrapper"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Biokinetic K-9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dogsolutions.co.za\/biokinetic-k9\/course\/stable-equipment-vs-wobbly-or-inflatable-equipment-3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Stable Equipment vs Wobbly or Inflatable Equipment - The Biokinetic K-9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Importance of Equipment Choice Your equipment choice plays a huge part in your dog\u2019s strength training and strength gains. 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